There are many scientific and commercial satellites in use today, with thousands of satellites in orbit, and several countries have plans to send humans into space. Several countries now have space programs from related technology ventures to full-fledged space programs with launch facilities. The winner, Space Ship One in 2004, became the first spaceship not funded by a government agency. In the early 21st century, the Ansari X Prize competition was set up to help jump-start private spaceflight. SpaceX's Falcon Heavy reusable side boosters land in unison at Cape Canaveral Landing Zones 1 and 2 following test flight on 6 February 2018. NASA has since relied on Russia and SpaceX to take American astronauts to and from the International Space Station. Since the 1990s, the public perception of space exploration and space-related technologies has been that such endeavors are increasingly commonplace. Since then, participation in space launches has increasingly widened to include more governments and commercial interests. During the 1990s funding for space-related programs fell sharply as the remaining structures of the now-dissolved Soviet Union disintegrated and NASA no longer had any direct competition. Following the disaster, NASA grounded all Shuttles for safety concerns until 1988. In the United States, the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 marked a significant decline in crewed Shuttle launches. Since then, public attention has largely moved to other areas. The landing of Apollo 11 was watched by over 500 million people around the world and is widely recognized as one of the defining moments of the 20th century. The Space Age reached its peak with the Apollo program that captured the imagination of much of the world's population. Prior to human spaceflights being attempted, various animals were flown to space to identify potential detrimental effects of microgravity and radiation exposure at high altitudes. Much of the technology originally developed for space applications has been spun off and found additional uses. Rapid advances were made in rocketry, materials science, and other areas. The launch of Sputnik 1 ushered in a new era of political, scientific and technological achievements that became known as the Space Age, by the rapid development of new technology and a race for achievement, mostly between the United States and the Soviet Union. This was the world's first artificial satellite, orbiting the Earth in 96.17 minutes and weighing 83 kg (183 lb). The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that converged with the Octolaunch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union.
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